Chipboard - building composite material. It is made from small wood chips, a binder by pressing. It is used in construction, in the manufacture of cabinet furniture, containers, wagons.
Production and standardization
For the production of chipboard, the chips remaining after processing the lumber are used. Non-week wood is cut into meter-long pieces, soaked in heated water. Chocks are cut in half, processed in machines that cut chips along the fibers. For the production of plates consisting of several layers, chips of different lengths are used.
Raw materials are crushed, smoothed in mills. Then placed in silos.
By conveyor, the chips are delivered to the drying unit. During vortex drying, hot air acts on the raw materials through the mesh bottom. Automatic blades constantly mix chips to evenly evaporate moisture.
Dry material enters the mixer, mixes with glue. Then a carpet is formed, sealed with the help of presses.
GOST and chipboard density
GOST 10632-89, GOST R 52078-2003, GOST 10632-2007 - documents regulating the quality of chipboard. 5–30% are the parameters of swelling in water. Bending strength - 5–30%; tensile - 0.2-0.5 MPa. Humidity - from 5 to 12%.
Density (kg / m3):
- small - less than 550;
- average - 550-750;
- high - 750.
Classification, grades
Particleboard are single, double, triple and multilayer. Basically, the material has three layers: the outer ones are formed from small chips, the inner one is from larger raw materials. According to the level of processing distinguish between polished and unpolished chipboard.
Varieties:
- Plates of the first grade have a flat surface, no chips.
- Material of the second grade may have small scratches, delamination of the composite, chip on one of the lines.
- The third grade is culling. These are plates with thickness differences, deep delamination, cracks, scratches.
Material safety
Particleboard classes for free formaldehyde:
- Harmless to humans - cookers of class E1. They contain 10 mg of formaldehyde in 100 g of the composite. They can be used in children's rooms, other residential premises.
- Class E2 boards contain up to 30 mg of formaldehyde in 100 g of composite. For residential premises are not used.
Not all types of particleboard are subject to fire, destruction under the influence of water. There are plates with increased moisture and fire resistance. The first is obtained by adding paraffins. They are marked with the letter B. Fire resistance is achieved by flame retardants that prevent fire.
Plate processing
The decorative look of the plates provides:
- Coating of several layers of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resins. Particleboard with melamine coating is called laminated.
- Caching Paper is also used, but the lining is done using a different technology.
- Thermoplastic film.
- Natural wood veneer.
Where are chipboards used?
Particleboard has the advantages of natural wood, devoid of the disadvantages of this material. It is geometrically stable, durable, insects do not spoil it.
Plates without decorative properties, low grade are used for the manufacture of formwork, subfloor. First-class chipboard - material for the production of budget furniture, roof sheathing, walls. The plate with the decoration of film, paper, veneer is used for the manufacture of furniture facades, interior doors. Some materials are used for children's rooms, bathrooms: they are not toxic, moisture resistant.
Particleboard are different. Large plates are easy to use, have a good price-quality ratio.
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