The article provides information about the lathes used to create various products.
Varieties of woodworking machines
Tool Modifications:
- Universal. It is used for grinding workpieces, cutting, sharpening, grinding, drilling, threading.
- Turning screw machine. Designed for processing conical blanks, threading.
- Turning and milling tool. Designed to create grooves in wooden products, their processing.
- Desktop installation. Includes many functions of a conventional machine, but has a smaller size, power. Suitable for acquaintance with the craft, the acquisition of initial skills.
- Wood lathe. It assumes automatic operation without human intervention.
For wood processing it is permissible to use a metal cutting machine. First, oil smudges should be removed so that sawdust does not stick to them, close all cracks, openings leading to the motor (if any).
Safety precautions
Fundamental rules:
- You can only start work in protective work clothing.
- Do not approach the instrument with loose long hair, hanging jewelry.
- Before switching on the unit, grounding must be checked.
- Operation of the mechanism is possible only after checking the condition of the equipment, testing idle speed.
- It is necessary to securely fix the workpiece to avoid its breakdown.
- The technology of turning wood on a lathe does not imply force on the part. All movements should be smooth, carried out only at full speed of the shaft.
- Do not transfer items through a working machine.
- Do not touch working mechanisms.
Processing technology
The principle of operation is the gradual removal of chips from the workpiece using a machine and hand tools.
The bed should be parallel to the body. Do not bend over the workplace, move away from it far. The optimal distance is the length of the forearm. Installation height - at elbow level.
It is necessary to observe the working hours, take breaks every 20-30 minutes.
The primary processing of the blank is carried out by gripping the tool from above, closing fingers from below. This way the coarse product is held firmly at high lathe speeds.
It is more convenient to process the turned part with the lower capture. This position provides a more accurate movement of the tool during the final adjustment.
Stage 1: making blanks
Actions:
- You need to take a bar of any wood species. Its dimensions should slightly differ from the dimensions of the proposed product.
- The ax is shaped like a cylinder with a workpiece. It is not recommended to attach a whole block to the machine: there is a high risk of injury from flying off large pieces of wood.
- The place where the form is to be machined (center of rotation) is indicated.
Stage 2: Chisel Selection
For processing of a blank 3 chisels are required:
- Grooved. Its semicircular shape is suitable for removing the coarse top layer from the workpiece.
- The grooved semicircular concave. To prepare the product for finishing.
- Slanting. Helps to grind cones, trim the ends, to finish.
Wood carving begins with sharpening chisels, other cutting tools.
Stage 3: fixing the workpiece
All machines have a place for mounting the workpiece. Often the fastener is a hexagon with spikes. So that the workpiece does not fall out of the mechanism during operation, it is recommended to use the chisel to make recesses in its ends at the places where the studs fit.
The handbrake support bracket (arm support) is installed at a distance of 5 mm from the blank and slightly above the axis of rotation. As the volume of the workpiece is grinded, the handcuff is brought closer to the surface of the product, the back spindle of the machine is tightened every 5-10 minutes.
Stage 4: turning the product
First you need to start the shaft. Only after gaining speed can you begin to finish.
When working on the machine, it is necessary to use the chisels alternately, change them as you turn the rough blanks.
Turning on a lathe begins with roughing. Set the rotation speed of 1000-1500 rpm A semicircular chisel, its blade and side parts are used. Hold the tool with both hands, leaning on the handcuff. The tool must be driven in the direction of chip removal with one hand, the second only need to hold the chisel handle. You can’t put pressure on a tree.
Then change the processing tool. To create a contour of the recesses, a grooved semicircular chisel is used. The sharp end of the device is directed at an angle of about 45 ° to the part, deepening the blade into the workpiece in the marked places. At this stage, wood carving is carried out.
The turned element is machined with an oblique chisel.
A properly processed product has a smooth surface.
The video explains the intricacies of the process.